Arabic Verb Forms Pdf

In Arabic, there are 10 verb forms that can be formed from each root. The root usually consists of 3 letters, and verb forms are made up of different patterns involving a given root. Some forms are used for a given root while others are not. Verb forms are usually indicated by roman numerals in English.

• Arabic Verb Forms Pdf Example
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• Arabic Verb Forms Pdf Examples

Also see posts on Other Arabic Verb Forms This post is on The Meanings of Arabic Verb Form VIII اِفْتَعَلَ.Usually one or multiple (more than one) of the following meaning shades are applicable in a Form VIII verb and applicable meaning shades may differ from verb to verb. Perhaps you can assist us. We have created an editable PDF form in Arabic and English. When we test it on our systems, the Arabic words typed get flipped and spell backwards. And at the client end, the client is unable to enter any Arabic content at all. The English form works fine. Could you please advise? The Arabic root system 6 Part One:Arabic Verbs 2. Regular verbs: The basic tenses 13 3. Irregular verbs: Introduction 19 4. Irregular verbs: Verbs with waaw or yaa' as a root letter 20 5. Irregular verbs: Doubled verbs 30 6. Irregular verbs: Verbs with hamza 33 7. Derived forms of verbs: Introduction 38 8. Derived forms II–IV 40 9.

Form I (يَفعلُ/فعلَ) is the most basic form of the verb; it consists of the 3-lettered root only, e.g. (عمل) worked, (حمل) carried, (درس) studied, (قطع) cut. All verb forms of a given root are usually related to the root in form and meaning. They should have the 3 letters of the root in their form, and they should have the basic meaning of the root in addition to some other predictable senses.

درست منى الكيمياء في الجامعة.

'Mona studied Chemistry at university.'

يعمل أبي في شركة حكومية.

'My father works in a governmental company.'

Form IIفعّل/يفعِّلُ) ) usually makes a verb transitive, e.g. (درس) studied and (درّس) taught; (حمل) carried and (حمّل) loaded. It also serves to make the action seem more intense, e.g. (قطع) cut and (قطّع) chopped, (كسر) broke and (كسّر) smashed.

درسّت منى الكيمياء في الجامعة.

'Mona taught Chemistry at university.'

Form III(فاعل/يفاعِلُ) sually indicated participation, i.e. the action is done by more than one participant, e.g. (شارك) shared; (راسل) corresponded and (قاتل) fought.

شاركت أختي في بيت صغير.

'I shared a small house with my sister.'

Form IV(أفعَلَ/ يُفعِلُ) usually makes an intransitive verb transitive and a transitive verb doubly transitive, e.g. (أعلم) informed; (ألبس) dressed and (أرسل) sent.

ألبست الأم ابنتها الفستان الجديد.

'The mother dressed her daughter the new dress.'

Form V(تفعَّلَ/ يتفعَّلُ) is a reflexive of form II verbs, e.g. (تعلّم) learned; (تذكّر) remembered.

ما تذكّرت الموعد لكن صديقي ذكّرني به.

'I did not remember the appointment, but my friend reminded me.'

Form III verbs are characterized by an alif placed between the first two radicals. For example قابَلَ, شاهَدَ, , and حاوَلَ are all Form III verbs. In the past tense these verbs conjugate like all the other verbs you have seen. In the present tense they have a voweling pattern similar to that for Form II verbs. Below is the verb يُقابِلُ , قابَلَ ('to meet,' 'to interview'), conjugated in the present tense.

You should see that the vowel on the prefix is always a dhamma and that the stem vowel is always a kasra. This is the same as for Form II verbs.

The jussive and the subjunctive are the same for Form III as for all other forms. Therefore I am not going to list them here.

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The command conjugations for Form III are also similar to those for Form III. We take the jussive and then drop the prefix. We are left with a word beginning with a consonant and followed by a vowel, so We already have the command and do not need a command prefix. For example, for أنتَ the jussive is تُقابِلْ . We drop تُ the and are left with قابِلْ which is the command. Here are the command conjugations for Form III.

The active participle is of the pattern مُفاعل as in مُقابل . The passive participle is مُفاعَل as in مُقابَل. The primary verbal noun pattern is مُفاعَلة as in مُقابَلة. A secondary verbal noun pattern is discussed below.

Hollow Verbs

Hollow verbs in Form III are regular just like those in Form II. If the middle radical is a و, it will appear as a strong consonant. The verb حَاوَلَ. is an example. The same is true for the ي , as in the verb عايَنَ Just as in Form II, there is never any shortening of the middle radical.

Assimilated Verbs

Assimilated verbs in Form III are regular in every way. The و never disappears. For example واصل ,يواصل.

Doubled Verbs

Arabic Verb Forms Pdf Example

Doubled verbs are extremely rare in Form III and will not be treated in this book.

Defective Verbs

Defective verbs in Form III work just as their counterparts do in Form II. There is only one way to conjugate them in the perfect, and only one way in each of the imperfect moods, just like Form II. Below is the verb ينادي , نادى meaning 'to call,' conjugated for the past tense and the imperfect indicative.

درست منى الكيمياء في الجامعة.

'Mona studied Chemistry at university.'

يعمل أبي في شركة حكومية.

'My father works in a governmental company.'

Form IIفعّل/يفعِّلُ) ) usually makes a verb transitive, e.g. (درس) studied and (درّس) taught; (حمل) carried and (حمّل) loaded. It also serves to make the action seem more intense, e.g. (قطع) cut and (قطّع) chopped, (كسر) broke and (كسّر) smashed.

درسّت منى الكيمياء في الجامعة.

'Mona taught Chemistry at university.'

Form III(فاعل/يفاعِلُ) sually indicated participation, i.e. the action is done by more than one participant, e.g. (شارك) shared; (راسل) corresponded and (قاتل) fought.

شاركت أختي في بيت صغير.

'I shared a small house with my sister.'

Form IV(أفعَلَ/ يُفعِلُ) usually makes an intransitive verb transitive and a transitive verb doubly transitive, e.g. (أعلم) informed; (ألبس) dressed and (أرسل) sent.

ألبست الأم ابنتها الفستان الجديد.

'The mother dressed her daughter the new dress.'

Form V(تفعَّلَ/ يتفعَّلُ) is a reflexive of form II verbs, e.g. (تعلّم) learned; (تذكّر) remembered.

ما تذكّرت الموعد لكن صديقي ذكّرني به.

'I did not remember the appointment, but my friend reminded me.'

Form III verbs are characterized by an alif placed between the first two radicals. For example قابَلَ, شاهَدَ, , and حاوَلَ are all Form III verbs. In the past tense these verbs conjugate like all the other verbs you have seen. In the present tense they have a voweling pattern similar to that for Form II verbs. Below is the verb يُقابِلُ , قابَلَ ('to meet,' 'to interview'), conjugated in the present tense.

You should see that the vowel on the prefix is always a dhamma and that the stem vowel is always a kasra. This is the same as for Form II verbs.

The jussive and the subjunctive are the same for Form III as for all other forms. Therefore I am not going to list them here.

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The command conjugations for Form III are also similar to those for Form III. We take the jussive and then drop the prefix. We are left with a word beginning with a consonant and followed by a vowel, so We already have the command and do not need a command prefix. For example, for أنتَ the jussive is تُقابِلْ . We drop تُ the and are left with قابِلْ which is the command. Here are the command conjugations for Form III.

The active participle is of the pattern مُفاعل as in مُقابل . The passive participle is مُفاعَل as in مُقابَل. The primary verbal noun pattern is مُفاعَلة as in مُقابَلة. A secondary verbal noun pattern is discussed below.

Hollow Verbs

Hollow verbs in Form III are regular just like those in Form II. If the middle radical is a و, it will appear as a strong consonant. The verb حَاوَلَ. is an example. The same is true for the ي , as in the verb عايَنَ Just as in Form II, there is never any shortening of the middle radical.

Assimilated Verbs

Assimilated verbs in Form III are regular in every way. The و never disappears. For example واصل ,يواصل.

Doubled Verbs

Arabic Verb Forms Pdf Example

Doubled verbs are extremely rare in Form III and will not be treated in this book.

Defective Verbs

Defective verbs in Form III work just as their counterparts do in Form II. There is only one way to conjugate them in the perfect, and only one way in each of the imperfect moods, just like Form II. Below is the verb ينادي , نادى meaning 'to call,' conjugated for the past tense and the imperfect indicative.

Past Tense

نادَيْنَ

Arabic Verb Forms Pdf Signer

Present Tense

I hope you can discern from the conjugations above that defectives in Form III conjugate in both tenses just like the verb يَجري , جرى You will see in the next chapter that Form IV defectives also conjugate like يَجري , جرى .

As you might guess, the jussive of Form III defectives will be derived in the same way as the jussive of Form II defectives, as will the command conjugations. See below.

The Jussive

Commands

Arabic Verb Forms Pdf Examples

The verbal noun of نادى is مُناداة.

The active participle is مُنادٍ and the passive participle is مُناديّ . These are just the same as in Form II.

Notes on Form III

Form III verbs are transitive and often express the attempt to do the action described by the Form I root. Thus, قاتَلَ means 'to fight' from the root قتل mean 'to kill.' Note that the verb حَاوَلَ means 'to attempt.'

Many Form III verbs involve doing the action described by the Form I verb directly to some one else. For example, كاتَبَ means 'to correspond with someone,' from the root كتب meaning 'to write.' شارك means 'to participate with someone' in the doing of something, from the root شرك meaning 'to share' with someone or 'to become a partner with someone.'

Form III verbs also have a secondary verbal noun pattern. The pattern is فِعال and sometimes exists side by side with the primary pattern given above. Sometimes this secondary pattern is preferred or even the only one used. Sometimes the two verbal nouns have different meanings, but usually this is not the case. Here are some common verbs for which the secondary pattern of the verbal noun is often used.

These verbs also have the primary pattern for their verbal nouns. You will see both patterns. In case you are interested, جِهاد is the term you often hear translated as 'holy war' by the news media, and indeed it does sometimes have that meaning as a technical term in Islamic studies. However, since it is against Federal Communications Commission regulations for newscasters ever to pronounce an Arabic word correctly, you have probably heard the word pronounced something like 'jeeehad,' as in heehaw.

You have now studied Forms I-III. You are actually getting close to learning all 10 forms, since, as you see, the derived forms are much easier to master than Form I. The following exercise will drill you on Form III as well as on Forms I and II. Pay careful attention to the context. Since nothing will be voweled, Forms I and II will often look the same. Form III verbs, because of the alif, should stand out and be easily recognized. I will talk more about context in Chapter 4 and again later in this text.

After you do drill 32, go on to the next section of this chapter. PAY CAREFUL ATTENTION TO THE NEXT SECTION. It will give you the only conjugations for Arabic verbs which you have not yet had, the conjugations for the passive voice.